1. Isimo namanje nezinselelo zomncintiswano wamazwe omhlaba
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-chip akuwona kuphela ukugxila komncintiswano wezobuchwepheshe namuhla, kodwa futhi nomnyombo wemidlalo yezepolitiki nezomnotho yamazwe omhlaba.Yize iChina yenze izimpumelelo ezithile ocwaningweni oluzimele lwe-chip kanye nentuthuko, isebhekene nezinsongo ezinzima zangaphandle nezinkinga zangaphakathi.Noma nini lapho kwabezindaba basekhaya imibiko emiphumeleni yama-chips azikhulisayo, njengokuthi "ukuphumelela okukhulu kweChina kubuchwepheshe be-chip," singahlala sinomuzwa wokuqhosha nokulindela.Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwale ntuthuko, kusenezinselelo eziningi ezingaziwa nezinkinga.
Isibonelo, i-China impumelelo ye-micronductor ye-micronductor ku-5NM etching machine Technology iyakufanelekela ukudunyiswa.Ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesisindo kwale telology kuphawula imboni ye-semiconductor yaseChina ifinyelele ezingeni eliphakeme lomhlaba ezinkambeni ezithile.Kodwa-ke, i-self-media ibeka kabi ubuchwepheshe futhi yathuthukisa amanga ngomshini woku-etching njenge-Photolithography Machine Technology.Lokhu akugcinanga kuphela ukukhombisa ukungaqondi okujwayelekile komphakathi kobuchwepheshe be-semiconductor, kodwa futhi kuboniswe ukungazinzi kanye nokulangazelela kwempumelelo esheshayo yemithombo yabezindaba.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imithethonqubo emisha ye-U.S.Ngemuva kwale nqubo akuyona nje indawo yokusungulwa kwezithiyo zobuchwepheshe, kepha futhi nokulawulwa kokushintshaniswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwamanye amazwe.Ngokusobala, lokhu akuyona inselelo eqondile embonini ye-chip yaseChina, kodwa futhi nokubonakaliswa kwecebo lezepolitiki laphesheya.Ngenxa yale mikhawulo, iChina ihlangabezane nezingqinamba ezintsha ngokwethulwa kwemishini esezingeni eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi ukuthengwa kobuchwepheshe obubalulekile njenge-EUV Lithography Machines, okuye kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-Chip Chip.
2. Izinselelo zezobuchwepheshe kanye nocwaningo oluzimele nentuthuko
Ngobuchwepheshe, isimo samanje soMkhakha we-China waseChina 'yindlela ekhethekile, ephelele yokulandela-up ".Yize intuthuko yenziwe kwezinye izici, kusekhona igebe elicacile uma liqhathaniswa nezinga eliphakeme lamazwe omhlaba.Ubunzima bocwaningo lwe-chip ezizimele kanye nentuthuko lulele endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yamazwe omhlaba, ukuncintisana kwezimboni ezinzima, kanye nezinselelo ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe.
Umgogodla we-Nanoscale chip ekhiqiza amanga emklamweni wokunemba nokwenziwa kwemibukela ehlanganisiwe (ics).Siqala kusuka ekwakhiweni kwe-IC, futhi isinyathelo ngasinye sibonisa ubunzima obuphakeme kakhulu lobuchwepheshe kanye nezidingo ezintsha.Isihluthulelo se-IC Design yindlela yokuhlanganisa izinkulungwane zezinto zesifunda kanye nama-transtors esikhaleni esincane kakhulu sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokwanda okukhulayo.Ukusuka ekwakhiweni kwesifunda, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Logic, ukuyisakhiwo wesekethe kanye ne-wiring, zonke izixhumanisi zidinga ukubala okuqondile nokucabanga okusha.Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kobuchwepheshe be-Photoholithography kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-chip.
Umlando wokuthuthuka kwama-nanoscale chips uhlaba umxhwele ngokulinganayo.Kusukela uMoore waphakamisa umthetho wakhe odumile we-Moore ngo-1965, imboni ye-semiconductor yathola izinguquko ezinkulu.Ukusuka kwinqubo yokuqala eyi-10-micron inqubo yanamuhla ye-7NM, inombolo nobuningi bezinto zokudlusheli ku-chip ziye zanda kakhulu.Lokhu akubona kuphela ubufakazi bentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi nokubonakaliswa kokuhlakanipha komuntu nomoya omusha.
Fingqa:
Izinselelo China zibhekene nocwaningo kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwama-nanoscale chips ahlukene, kufaka phakathi izingcindezi ezinkulu zezepolitiki zezepolitiki nezomnotho kanye nobunzima bezenkolo.Yize kufinyelelwe okuthile, kwenziwa imizamo yokungavumelani nokuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo kusadingeka ukufinyelela ngempela ezingeni eliphakeme lamazwe omhlaba.Uma sibheka ikusasa, kufanele siqhubeke nokuqinisa amandla ethu okucwaninga kanye nokuthuthuka nokunqoba ubunzima bobuchwepheshe, ukuze sithathe indawo embonini ye-semiconductor emhlabeni jikelele.